be動詞 - 英文法を覚えよう

【be動詞の使い分け】
be動詞は、英語で最も基本的な動詞の1つで、主語の状態や存在を表すために使用されます。
be動詞は、時制や人称によって変化するので、正しい形式を使用することが重要です。

人称が I の場合 … am
人称が You または複数の場合 … are
人称が 3人称 の場合 … is

【be動詞の意味】
be動詞は、主語の状態や存在を表します。具体的には、以下のような意味があります。

存在： I am here. (私はここにいます。)
状態： He is sick. (彼は病気です。)
特性： She is tall. (彼女は背が高いです。)

【be動詞の定文】
be動詞の定文は、主語の後ろにbe動詞を置いて作ります。be動詞の形式は、時制や人称によって変化するため、以下のようになります。

現在形： I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are
過去形： I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were
未来形： I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, they will be
例：
I am a student. (私は学生です。)
She was tired. (彼女は疲れていました。)
They will be late. (彼らは遅れます。)

【be動詞の否定文】
be動詞の否定文は、主語の後ろにnotを付けて作ります。以下のようになります。

現在形： I am not, you are not/aren't, he/she/it is not/isn't, we are not/aren't, they are not/aren't
過去形： I was not/wasn't, you were not/weren't, he/she/it was not/wasn't, we were not/weren't, they were not/weren't
未来形： I will not/won't be, you will not/won't be, he/she/it will not/won't be, we will not/won't be, they will not/won't be
例：
I am not hungry. (私はお腹が空いていません。)
He wasn't at home yesterday. (彼は昨日家にいませんでした。)
They won't be here tomorrow. (彼らは明日ここにいません。)

【be動詞の疑問文】
be動詞の疑問文は、主語とbe動詞を入れ替えて作ります。以下のようになります。

現在形： Am I, Are you, Is he/she/it, Are we, Are they
過去形： Was I, Were you, Was he/she/it, Were we, Were they
未来形： Will I be, Will you be, Will he/she/it be, Will we be, Will they be
例：
Are you ready? (準備はいいですか？)
Was he late for the meeting? (彼はミーティングに遅れましたか？)
Will they be coming to the party? (彼らはパーティーに来る予定ですか？)

【be動詞の短縮形】
be動詞の短縮形は、主語とbe動詞の間に省略形の形式を使用して作ります。以下のようになります。

現在形： I'm, you're, he's/she's/it's, we're, they're
過去形： I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were
未来形： I'll be, you'll be, he/she/it'll be, we'll be, they'll be
例：
I'm not sure. (私はよく分かりません。)
She's been studying all day. (彼女は一日中勉強しています。)
They'll be arriving soon. (彼らはすぐに到着するでしょう。)

中学1年生	中学2年生	中学3年生
文の成り立ち文の要素人称代名詞指示代名詞不定代名詞名詞と名詞句名詞の複数形冠詞 be動詞一般動詞の現在形一般動詞の3単現助動詞のcan 助動詞のmust 助動詞のmay 疑問詞のHow 疑問詞のWhat 疑問詞のWhere 疑問詞のwhen 疑問詞のWhich 疑問詞のWho 疑問詞のWhy 形容詞副詞前置詞間投詞と感嘆文命令文 Let’s	接続詞 There is 過去形現在進行形過去進行形未来形再帰代名詞	文型受動態

フォニックス
フォニックス発音練習【1】短母音（A、E、I、O、U）、子音（B,K,D,F,G,H,J,L,M,N,P,Qu,R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,Z,softC,hardC,softG,hardG）
フォニックス発音練習【2】母音ペア（AI、AY、EI、IE、EA、EE、OA、OW、UE,UI、OI、OY、OU、OO、AU、AW）、Rが付いた母音（AR、ER、IR、UR、OR、ORE、EAR、AIR、ARE）、子音ダイヤグラフ（CH、SH、TH、CK、WH、GH、PH）、サイレントE
フォニックス発音練習【3】子音ブレンド（BL,CL,FL,GL,PL,BR,CR,DR,FR,GR,PR,TR,SC,SK,SM,SN,SP,ST,SW,SQU,SCR,SPL,SPR,STR,THR）

中学英単語
人称代名詞【1】 I, my, me, mine, you, your, you, yours, he, his, him, his, she, her, her, hers, it, its, it, we, our, us, ours, they, their, them, theirs
代名詞【2】 this, these, that, those, myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, none, everything, something, anything, nothing, each, other, another, all, both
be動詞・助動詞・疑問詞【3】 be, am, are, is, was, were, do, dose, did, can, cannot, could, will, would, may, might, must, shall, should, have to, who, whose, whom, what, which, when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how old
冠詞・間投詞・接続詞・省略形【4】 be, am, are, is, was, were, do, dose, did, can, cannot, could, will, would, may, might, must, shall, should, have to, who, whose, whom, what, which, when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how old
前置詞【5】 about, above, across, after, against, along, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, among, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, to, into, of, on, onto, minus, near, outside, over, since, than, through, toward, under, until, up, upon, with, without
名詞（数）【6】 zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million
名詞（曜日・月・Ac-Af）【7】 Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, accident, acid rain, action, active volcano, activity, actor, actress, address, adult, advantage, adventure, advice, affection, Africa, afternoon
名詞（Ag-Ba）【8】 age, air, air conditioner, air pollution, airport, album, ambulance, America, American, amusement park, ancestor, anchor, animal, animation, ant, apple, architect, area, arm, art, artist, arts and crafts, Asia, assistance, astronaut, athlete, atomic bomb, attack, attention, aunt, Australia, autumn, baby, back
名詞（Ba-Bo）【9】 backyard, badge, bag, ball, balloon, ballpark, bank, barrier, baseball, basketball, bath, bathroom, bazaar, beach, bear, beauty, bed, beginner, beginning, Beijing, belief, bicycle, bike, biotechnology, bird, birthday, blanket, blood, blossom, board, boat, body, bomb
名詞（Bo-Ca）【10】 book, border, bottle, bottom, box, boy, boycott, braille, branch, Brazil, bread, breakfast, breath, breeze, bridge, British, broadcasting, brother, brotherhood, buffet, building, burger, bus, business, button, cafeteria, cage, cake, calligraphy, camera, campaign, Canada, cancer
名詞（Ca-Ch）【11】 candy, cap, capital, captain, car, card, care, carpenter, carrot, carton, cartoon, case, cat, cattle, cause, cave, CD, ceiling, cell, cent, center, centimeter, century, cereal, chain, chair, championship, chance, character, charity, chart, chemical, cherry
名詞（Ch-Co）【12】 chicken, child, children, China, Chinese, chopsticks, chorus, Christmas, church, city, class, classmate, classroom, clerk, clock, cloth, clothes, cloud, club, coffee, collection, college, color, comic, communication, company, computer, concert, conclusion, condominium, conductor, conference, connection
名詞（Co-De）【13】 convenience, conversation, cook, cooperation, corner, costume, country, countryside, couple, courage, course, cousin, cow, crane, creativity, creature, crop, cuisine, culture, cup, curry, curtain, custom, cut, dance, dancer, danger, date, daughter, day, deadline, death, decision
名詞（De-Do）【14】 deer, degree, democracy, demonstration, dentist, desert, desk, despair, detective, developing country, diary, dictionary, difference, difficulty, dignity, dinner, dinosaur, director, disaster, discussion, disease, display, distance, diver, doctor, dog, doll, dollar, dolphin, dome, door, doorbell, dot
名詞（Dr-Ev）【15】 drama, dream, dress, driver, drum, e-mail, e-pal, ear, earth, earthquake, east, echo, egg, Egypt, electricity, elephant, emergency, end, endangered animals, energy, engine, engineer, England, entrance, envelope, environment, episode, equality, era, eraser, Europe, evacuation, evening
名詞（Ex-Fi）【16】 examination, example, exchange, exhibition, exit, experience, expression, eye, eyesight, face, facility, fact, factory, fall, family, farewell, farm, farmer, fate, father, fault, favor, feeling, feet, fellow, fence, festival, fever, fiction, field, fine arts, finger, fire, firework
名詞（Fi-Ge）【17】 fish, fitting room, flag, flame, flight, floor, flower, flute, folk, food, football, foreigner, forest, fossil fuel, fountain, fox, frame, France, French fries, fridge, friend, friendship, frog, front, fruit, fun, future, game, garbage, garden, gas, gate, gentleman
名詞（Ge-Ha）【18】 German, Germany, gesture, gift, girl, glass, global warming, goal, God, gold, goodness, goose, gorilla, government, grade, grandchild, grandfather, grandmother, grass, grassland, green, greenhouse gases, greeting, ground, group, guest, guide, guitar, gull, habit, habitat, hair, Halloween
名詞（Ha-Ho）【19】 hamburger, hand, handkerchief, handle, harm, harvest, hat, hay fever, head, headache, health, heart, heat, heritage, hero, highland, hill, hint, history, hobby, hole, holiday, home, home economics, homepage, homestay, homework, honey, honor, horizon, horse, hospital, host
名詞（Ho-Ju）【20】 hotel, hour, house, humor, hunger, husband, idea, impact, importance, impossible, impression, India, Indian, influence, information, ink, insect, inspiration, instrument, interest, internet, interview, island, jam, Japan, Japanese, jellyfish, job, journey, joy, juice, jungle, justice
名詞（Ke-Li）【21】 key, kilometer, kind, kindness, king, kingdom, kitchen, kite, knee, knife, knowledge, koala, Korea, lady, lake, land, landmine, language, lavatory, law, lawyer, leader, leaf, leaves, left, leg, lesson, letter, library, life, lives, light, line
名詞（Li-Me）【22】 lion, liquid, locker, London, loss, lot, lullaby, lunch, machine, magic, man, men, manner, mansion, map, market, mask, master, match, mathematics, math, matter, meal, meaning, measure, meat, medal, medicine, meeting, member, memorial, memory
名詞（Me-Mt）【23】 mess, message, meter, Mexico, midnight, mile, milk, minister, minute, mirror, Miss, mistake, model, mom, moment, money, monkey, monster, monument, moon, moral education, morning, mother, motto, mountain, mouse, mouth, movement, movie, Mr., Mrs., Ms., Mt.
名詞（Mu-Nu）【24】 museum, music, musical, musician, nail, name, nap, nation, nature, neck, needle, neighbor, neighborhood, nephew, nest, net, New York, New Zealand, news, newspaper, nickname, niece, night, Nobel Peace Prize, noise, noon, north, northeast, nose, notebook, notice, number, nun
名詞（Nu-Pa）【25】 nurse, obstacle, occupation, ocean, octopus, office, officer, oil, opera, operator, opinion, orange, orchestra, order, organ, outside, oxygen, ozone, page, pain, paint, painter, painting, pair, paper, pardon, parent, park, parking, part, partner, party, passport
名詞（Pe-Pl）【26】 PE, peace, peel, pen, pencil, people, period, permission, person, pet, pharmacist, phone, photo, photographer, phrase, piano, picnic, picture, piece, pig, pillar, pilot, pink, pity, place, plan, plane, planet, plant, plastic, plate, player, playground
名詞（Pl-Qu）【27】 pleasure, pocket, poem, poet, point, poison, police, pollution, pool, population, post, poster, pot, potato, power, present, presentation, pressure, price, priest, principal, priority, problem, program, project, promise, pumpkin, purple, purpose, pyramid, queen, question, quiz
名詞（Ra-Ri）【28】 rabbit, race, racket, radio, rain, rainbow, rainforest, ramp, rat, ray, reason, recess, recipe, rectangle, recycling, refugee, relationship, relay, report, reporter, reproach, research, resource, rest, restaurant, restroom, rhythm, rice, rice cake, rider, right, ring, risk
名詞（Ri-Sh）【29】 river, road, rock, rocket, roof, room, rose, rule, ruler, sadness, safety, sale, salesclerk, salmon, salt, sanctuary, sand, scene, school, science, scientist, scissors, sculpture, sea, season, seat, secondhand store, secret, section, seed, sentence, service, shade
名詞（Sh-So）【30】 shape, sheep, sheet, shelf, ship, shirt, shoes, shop, shopping, shot, shoulder, shrine, side, sightseeing, sign, silver, singer, sister, site, situation, size, skill, skin, sky, slave, slum, smoke, snow, soccer, socks, social studies, softball, soldier
名詞（So-St）【31】 solution, son, song, sound, soup, south, souvenir, space, spaceship, Spain, speaker, specialist, speech, spoon, sport, spring, square, stadium, stairs, stamp, stapler, star, starvation, station, statue, stay, step, stick, stomach, stomachache, stone, store, storm
名詞（St-Te）【32】 story, stranger, street, string, struggle, student, style, subject, suburb, subway, success, summer, sun, sunrise, sunset, surface, survey, sweater, sword, symbol, system, T-shirt, table, tag, tail, task, tea, teacher, teacup, team, tear, telephone, telescope
名詞（Te-To）【33】 television, temper, temperature, temple, tennis, test, textbook, Thanksgiving Day, theater, theme, thief, thing, thought, ticket, tiger, time, tissue, toast, today, toe, toilet, tomato, tomorrow, ton, tongue, tonight, tooth, teeth, toothache, top, tower, town, toy
名詞（Tr-Un）【34】 track, track and field, trade, tradition, traffic, tragedy, train, trap, trash, travel, tray, treasure, tree, triangle, trick, trip, trouble, truck, trust, truth, tube, turkey, turn, turtle, TV, U.K., umbrella, United Nations, uncle, unicycle, uniform, United States, unity
名詞（Un-We）【35】 universal design, university, use, vacation, value, variety, vegetable, vending machine, vet, victim, video, video game, view, village, violin, visit, visitor, voice, volcano, volleyball, volume, volunteer, vulture, waitress, wall, wallet, war, water, waterfall, way, weapon, weather, weather forecast
名詞（We-Zo）【36】 web, week, weekend, well, west, whale, wheel, wheelchair, wife, wind, windmill, window, wine, wing, winner, winter, wish, witch, wolf, woman, wood, word, work, worker, world, World Heritage Site, yacht, year, yellow, yen, yesterday, zebra, zoo
形容詞（順序を表す言葉）【37】 first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth, hundredth, thousandth, millionth
形容詞（Ab-Ce）【38】 able, active, adult, afraid, all, American, ancient, angry, another, any, artificial, asleep, atomic, awesome, bad, ill, worse, worst, bare, basic, beautiful, big, black, blind, blue, bored, boring, born, both, breathtaking, bright, British, brown, busy, careful, centigrade, certain
形容詞（Ch-Dr）【39】 cheap, cheerful, chemical, Chinese, civil, clean, clever, close, cloudy, cold, colorful, comfortable, commercial, common, compulsory, conceited, confused, convenient, cool, correct, creative, crowded, cute, daily, dangerous, dark, dead, deaf, dear, deep, delicious, depressed, different, difficult, dirty, disabled, disappointed, dry
形容詞（Dy-Fr）【40】 dying, each, easy, economic, efficient, elderly, elegant, elementary, else, embarrassed, empty, equal, even, every, exact, excited, exciting, expensive, fair, faithful, famous, far, fast, favorite, few, fine, fit, fond, foolish, foreign, former, foster, free, fresh, friendly, frightened, frustrated
形容詞（Fu-La）【41】 full, funny, German, glad, global, good, well, better, best, great, greedy, half, happy, hard, healthy, heavy, high, honest, hot, huge, human, hungry, important, impossible, Indian, industrial, injured, integrated, intense, interested, interesting, international, itchy, Japanese, junior, kind, large
形容詞（La-No）【42】 last, late, light, little, less, least, living, long, loud, lucky, major, many, much, more, most, master, meaningful, medium, memorial, mighty, military, minor, miserable, modern, musical, narrow, national, natural, naughty, necessary, neither, nervous, new, next, nice, noble
形容詞（No-Re）【43】 noisy, northeast, northern, nuclear, official, old, only, open, opposite, optimistic, ordinary, original, other, outside, own, pale, paralyzed, particular, peaceful, perfect, plastic, pleasant, polite, political, poor, popular, positive, possible, present, pretty, proud, public, quiet, rainy, ready, real, red
形容詞（Re-St）【44】 regular, relaxed, responsible, rich, ridiculous, right, round, sacred, sad, safe, same, scary, selfish, senior, serious, several, short, shy, sick, silent, silly, similar, simple, sleepy, slow, small, smart, smooth, snowy, sociable, soft, some, sore, sorry, sour, special, stiff, straight
形容詞（St-Yo）【45】 strange, strong, stupid, such, sunny, sure, sweet, tall, terrible, thirsty, tired, tourist, traditional, true, unbelievable, unclean, underground, unequal, unhappy, useful, usual, vast, virtual, warm, weak, welcome, western, white, whole, wide, wild, willing, windy, wonderful, worth, wrong, young
動詞（Ac-Br）【46】 act, add, admire, advertise, agree, allow, amaze, answer, appear, arrest, arrive, ask, assist, attack, bark, bear, become, became, begin, began, begun, believe, belong, blame, blow, blew, boil, border, borrow, bother, break, broke, broken
動詞（Br-Co）【47】 bring, brought, broaden, brush, build, built, bump, burn, bury, buy, bought, call, campaign, care, carry, catch, caught, cause, celebrate, change, chew, choose, chose, clean, climb, close, collect, come, came, communicate, compare, complain, contact
動詞（Co-Ea）【48】 continue, control, cook, cost, cough, count, cover, create, cross, cry, decide, decorate, decrease, develop, die, disagree, disappear, discover, displace, display, do, does, did, done, draw, drew, dream, drink, drank, drunk, drive, drop, dump, earn
動詞（Ea-Fu）【49】 eat, ate, eaten, elect, enjoy, enter, excuse, expect, explain, explode, export, fail, fall, fell, fascinate, fasten, feel, felt, fight, fought, fill, find, found, finish, float, fly, flew, fold, follow, forget, forgot, forgive, fulfill
動詞（Ga-Hu）【50】 gather, get, got, give, gave, given, go, went, gone, graduate, grow, grew, guess, guide, handle, hang, happen, harm, hate, have, has, had, heal, hear, heard, help, hide, hit, hold, held, hope, hurry, hurt
動詞（Im-Le）【51】 imagine, increase, injure, inspire, insult, interest, introduce, invent, investigate, invite, join, judge, jump, keep, kill, knit, knock, know, knew, known, land, last, laugh, launch, lay, laid, lead, led, learn, leave, lend, lent
動詞（Li-Pa）【52】 lie, lay, lain, lied, lift, like, listen, live, locate, look, lose, make, made, marry, master, mean, meant, meet, met, mind, miss, move, need, nod, offer, open, order, overcome, paint, park, participate, pass, pay, peel
動詞（Pi-Re）【53】 pick, plan, plant, play, please, poison, pollute, post, practice, prefer, prepare, present, print, produce, protect, provide, publish, pull, punish, push, put, rain, raise, reach, react, read, realize, rebuild, receive, recognize, recycle, reduce, refresh
動詞（Re-So）【54】 reject, relay, release, remain, remember, remind, remove, report, represent, reproach, rescue, research, respect, respond, return, reuse, ride, rode, ridden, rise, run, ran, run, save, say, said, scare, scold, search, see, saw, seen, seem, sell, sold
動詞（Se-St）【55】 send, sent, separate, sew, shake, sheet, shine, shoot, shop, shout, show, shut, sing, sang, sung, sit, sat, ski, sleep, smell, smile, smoke, snow, solve, sort, sound, speak, spoke, spoken, spell, spend, stand, start, starve, stay
動詞（St-Tr）【56】 sting, stop, strive, struggle, study, succeed, suffer, support, suppose, surf, surprise, surround, survive, swallow, swim, swam, swum, take, took, taken, talk, teach, taught, tease, tell, told, thank, think, throw, threw, thrown, touch, travel, treat
動詞（Tr-Ya）【57】 trust, try, turn, uncover, understand, understood, use, visit, wait, wake, woke, woken, walk, want, wash, waste, watch, weaken, wear, weigh, whisper, whistle, win, won, wish, wonder, work, worry, wrap, wrestle, write, wrote, written, yacht
副詞（A.-Fi）【58】 a.m., about, abroad, again, ago, almost, alone, aloud, already, also, always, anytime, anywhere, away, back, best, better, carefully, certainly, cheerfully, clearly, closely, definitely, downstairs, early, easily, either, else, enough, especially, even, ever, everywhere, fast, finally
副詞（Fl-Ra）【59】 fluently, forever, forward, happily, here, incredibly, instead, just, later, long, maybe, more, most, never, no, northeast, not, now, o’clock, off, often, OK, once, out, outside, over, p.m., perhaps, please, precisely, quickly, quietly, quite, rather
副詞（Re-Ye）【60】 ready, really, right, round, sadly, sincerely, slowly, so, someday, somehow, sometimes, soon, still, straight, strongly, suddenly, sure, then, there, tightly, together, tomorrow, tonight, too, truly, unfairly, up, usually, very, well, worst, yes, yesterday, yet